RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)

Radius or Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is a protocol that allows companies to perform authentication (authentication), Authorize (authority / the right) and Accounting (AAA) for remote the user or users who want to access a system or service from the central network server computer.

You may have gained experience in the case of authentication, for example, you use a dial-up internet account to log in and browse for information on the latest news. In addition, check your company email to see which emails have been sent by the client-client you. And this weekend, may you use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to connect to the network so that businesses can be monitoring the condition of your company's network client. So that you can use a VPN and dial up internet account then you should do the authentication first.

But what happens behind the screen when you perform authentication on the computer?. Computer must have a set protocol and authentication process to verify that you have to do. One of the protocol that is capable of working on the process of authentication is the Radius (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service).

Radius, initially developed by Livingston company, is a protocol access-control and verify the authentication to the user based on the methods commonly used. Radius is generally used by ISP (Internet Service Provider) or internet service provider to perform authentication (user authentication), Authorize (set of rights / authority) and Accounting (records of the service used).

Mac OS and its history

Mac OS, which means the Macintosh Operating System, or Macintosh Operating System , is a system for Apple computers operation Apple Macintosh computer. Mac OS is the first operating system that uses the graphic user interface (Graphical User Interface - GUI). Macintosh troops, including Bill Atkinson, and Jef Raskin Andy Hertzfeld.

There are various views and how the Macintosh built where the original idea began. Although the relationship between the Macintosh and projects in the Xerox PARC Alto has broad say record in history, the beginning of Sketchpad by Ivan Sutherland in the Talian and System (On-Line System) by Doug Engelbart no less importance. View History GUI, and Apple v. Microsoft.

Apple deliberately humble existence operating system in the early occurrence of the Macintosh Macintosh seems to make more user friendly and large than other systems such as MS-DOS, which is described as miraculous (arcane) and spread the technical. Apple Macintosh want a system described as "continue to work" when you turn on

Version

Macintosh Operating System was originally known as the System, such as "System 6.0.7" or "System 7". At the beginning, also known as Box Tools "Toolbox" contains a set of routine expert that may be used to replace the link to the computer equipment itself.

Justify the description of this application is written for a Mac-generation system used on the next generation, for example: from the Mac Plus to Mac II, to the Powerbook, the Power Macintosh. Initially, Apple deliberately obscure existence of this operating system for distinguishing the Mac than other systems such as MS-DOS, which is described as more difficult to use proportionate Mac. Terms such as "system" and "box toll (the toolbox)" is an easy way to refer to respectful Macintosh operating system and API so shun the use of technical terms (technical jargon). So that the occurrence of the G3 era system (known as engine "new world"), part of the system are stored in physical ROM on the main board, and system components on the cakera add, override (override) or improve the routine ROM. The goal is to eschew the use of too much space savings in a tough cakera limited endorsement for the system, because the Mac computer that does not have begun cakera hard. Actually only one model of Mac that can run (bootable) using the ROM only, the Mac Classic 1991 model.

System 7.5.1 is the first system to enter the Mac OS logo (smiling face (smiley face) in blue). Mac OS 7.6 (which was issued in 1996) is the first system, called Mac OS because of "clone-clone" the Mac, the system is almost similar than other organization like Power Computing and Motorola, and Apple would clearly tells that the system is operating own intellectual property rights.

Mac OS system can be divided into two types:

Mac OS "Classic", the system was originally issued for the first Mac in 1984 until Mac OS 9.
Mac OS X (the letter "X" is called the top ten, namely the Roman nombor) later. Mac OS X include elements of BSD Unix, OpenStep, and Mac OS 9. Low stage system principle, which Darwin berasaskan Unix, is open source.

Mac OS Classic

Mac OS classic known as a system that does not have any command line (command line); is a system that uses the face of the graphic user (IU) completely. Happy to be recommended for use, this system is also criticized for using a multi-joint task (Cooperative multitasking), lack of memory management, and additional tendency connection. "Extra" that is added to the operating system, to provide additional functions - such as a series of work (networking) - or endowment to certain equipment. Some additional connections may not work correctly between one another or may be necessary, by a certain sequence to follow. Complete the additional problem may be Mac OS cuba jaya a process that takes a long time.

Mac OS also introduces Fail System Hierarchy (Hierarchical File System), as an innovative way preparation fail. Fail on a DOS or Unix is the purpose of the temple (bytes), which requires the application to know where the temple of the kod and represent a portion of which represents a graph or other data, Fail Mac has two different part. In addition to the cuaran data, which is the temple of recycling, there is also the root of cuaran resource fork contains the data that had already been prepared as the menus, graphics, sound, and the segment kod. One application may fail just does not have any sources that contains the data. Fail text may not contain the text in the data declaration and stail on the source, so the application does not recognize the declaration stail can still read the text that is stored. Although this rule has some advantages, the Mac OS can not be used with the systems operation that does not use the Mac OS system, for example, when things fail to copy from Mac to DOS or Unix, the root of about to removed.

Towards the end of the 1990s, we realize that the technology has been the era of the 1980s has been through life, with the existence of the systems operation multitask new, more stable.

Mac OS X

Main plan Mac OS X

Mac OS X memory management to bring Unix-style and pre-emptive multitasking to the Mac platform. Memory management is far better to allow more perisian run simultaneously and almost eliminate the possibility of something other content overthrow content. He is also a Mac OS petama enter referral line, although can not be seen except when users fill swing "terminal".

Many Mac OS peminat receive the original OS X, but there are some who criticize the more difficult and less intimate than the Mac OS user's home network.

Mac OS technology

QuickDraw: architectur draftsman imaging model that gives the market the first block WYSIWYG
Finder: antaramuka to navigate the filesystem and smooth application
MultiFinder: the first version that drives more than one run simultaneously perisian
Chooser: a tool to achieve the network resources (eg, enable AppleTalk)
ColorSync: technology to ensure the appropriate color equation
Mac OS memory management: how to deal with the Mac RAM and virtual memory before the switch to the UNIX
Emulation by Motorola PowerPC 68000: how the Mac handles arkitektural transition from CISC to RISC (see Mac 68K emulator)
Desk Accessories: fill a small "helper" that can be run in conjunction with any other contents, before the emergence MultiFinder or System 7.
PlainTalk: synthesis technology our knowledge and our knowledge castigation Mac-Roman: set script

Star Trek Project

One interesting aspect of the history of the Mac OS Classic is: it is one prototaip mysteries unknown general who commenced in 1992 Apple was named a Star Trek Project kod. Matlamat this project is to create a version of Mac OS may work on a computer generally harmonious x86-Intel. This project does not stand a long time, it was canceled after only one year being in 1993 because political innards. However, troops made the successful projects this contents such as the Macintosh Finder and application basis, such as Quicktime to function as smoothly on the PC.

Although contents Star Trek has never been, emulator third-party Macintosh, such as vMac, Basilisk II, and Executor, allow finally possible to run the Classic Mac OS x86 computers generally. Emulator-emulator is limited emulation line process 68,000, and thus can not run Mac OS versions more recent than the 8.1 that require prosesor PowerPC. This current, a PC emulator such as pear has emerged that is capable of emulation prosess PowerPC required by the latest version of Mac OS (like Mac OS X). However, it is still early in the ranking and the emulator-emulator like others, tend to run more slowly than natif OS.

Internet users Over 10 Million People in the Year 2009

This derived from Antara News, Director of PT Padma Datakom Wisesa, Distibutor Channel eScan Indonesian antivirus , Antonius Susanto, explaining that the antivirus software and computer market will increase rapidly with the tight competition in as many as 30 percent this year, including the sale of desktop, laptop and increasing number of Internet users. Available data APJII (The Association of Indonesian Internet Service) in 2008, the number of Internet users in Indonesia is about 10 million people.

However, on the other hand, still according to Antara News, the Internet with the increase, the level of awareness to use the software for data security and also file the better. The growing number of Internet users is estimated to also akan berimbas operating system, application program to antivirus software, plus Antonius.

Still from the same source, are Datakom now focus on the personal computer user in Indonesian, and planned to offer Datakom will economical price compared to other anti-virus that is also certified internationally.

Intel Core i7

Intel has released Core i7 processor Extreme Edition, which is the desktop chip is fast, claimed that according to Intel. Chip processor Intel Core i7 975 with a 45nm Manufactur Nehalem architecture, with a 3.33GHz clock speed, 8MB L3, including Smart Chache running the core clock speed 4. Dual frequency for QuickPath Interconnects (QPI) will transfer data at speeds 6.4GT/sec, and performance, Intel's SpeedStep (eist), Virtualization (VT), and the Turbo Boost technology, the auto-overclocking, has been activated.

Slot chip processor Intel Core i7 975 will become a second class of the Core i7 965, which has $ 1,039 in price and Newegg in Platinum Micro for $ 1.078. According to Hot Hardware sources, quad-core processor Intel Core i7 975 has a 4 percent to 5 percent pace in the borad than previous Intel processor, the Intel Core i7 965.

Intel Core i7 processor 975 has a size of 263m2, is supported by L2 cache 1MB, L2 "Smart" 8MB cache, a 25x clock multiplier, and a TDP (Thermal Design Power) 130W. In addition, Intel also released Core i7 950 with a 3.06GHz clock frequency and QPI 4.8GT/sec. Price for Intel Core i7 processor 950 in the range of $ 540 to $ 570.

The development of IT in 2009

A large trend in technology that provides great influence in the IT field, this is explained and the researchers and consultants from Gartner's analysis nationmulitmedia.com. They estimate there are 10 technology trends that will affect the development of the IT world:

Social software
Social software has a broad scope, such as social networking sites or social networking, social collaboration, social media and social validation. Organization or vendor should consider the social dimension to the conventional website or application, and adopted a social platform, fast or slow, in order to 'strengthen' the relationship with the customer. Enterprise also began to consider the website to combine a cool hobby and cassanova enterprise-class model to sell the product and manage their applications.

Web-based architecture
Internet will be the key to design web-centric technology that is flexible, and standards for promotion companies or vendors. The use of web-centric solution will build model classes to help the global enterprise computing needs for five years or more.

IT-friendly environment
Will present more efficient products and equipment are energy efficient, and environmentally friendly. Regulation set to set the company in building a data center, as the effects of increased use of carbon emissions and power consumption is excessive, and other environmental impact that is worrying. Organization or vendor at least consider regulations and have another alternative to build a data center.

Cloud Computing
The concept of cloud computing is the 'pool system the computer' to share a large IT infrastructure. Cloud computing will access the virtual resource and is not limited by computer power and capabilities of local or remote computer. Cloud computing data center will support the next generation enterprise, operating as the Internet to provide fast access and scale capacity for the extreme user network. Cloud computing appear simple, cheaper cost and energy efficient. Unlike grid computing, which only menditribuskan IT for a specific task, but cloud computing to work in all range activities. This platform can be a hosting service or external use in the company.

Virtualization
This trend is now focused on the virtual server, including storage virtualization, and client devices is growing quickly. Comes to virtualization to eliminate duplicate copies of data in an-storage devices such as a real hard case, when memaintain must access the file system stored in the illusion. It also saves costs as well as capacity storage devices, energy, software upgrades, and access to a wider application. However, if the motherboard is for the data center hardware, the virtualization uses a virtual machine. With virtualization, so users can run Linux, Windows 95, DOS, and in the system and at the same time. Virtualization is increasingly present in developing a virtual desktop that will be adopted as much as 40 percent of users in 2010.

Follow-up of Blade Servers
Will be present on the server blade server to provide a large capacity for the company. Organization or vendor will be able to track the type of resource, such as memory, or disk, and so forth. Blade servers will eliminate the cost utuk three types of resources when upgrading the capacity, and easy to use for the inventory system, or prevent the purchase of a server in a size extra large and complex configurations. Blade servers will become a powerful tool as there is no resource that is in the wrong configuration, or require additional processor and memory in a server Bundle.

BI (Business Intelligence)
Is the top technology priority in Gartner 2008 survey, CIO, which can increase the impact positis in the company's business performance, increase the ability to make a smarter decision related to the mission in each business level, ranging from corporate strategy to operational processes. BI strategy to be specific to the business manager and knowledge worker who will make the decision when to run, improve and mentransform business. BI tools will be able to make the user decide quickly, better, and much valuable information that can be obtained from a complex business environment.

Unified communications and collaboration (UCC)
Needs to keep connected, whenever and wherever, can be realized with the UCC, which will provide increased communication both internally and externally in the enterprise, through consolidation and other services in the network to update the data and information for IT energy reliability, and reduce operating costs. UCC will provide strength in network infrastructure, with the focus of service and application, especially with the need for virtualization, embedded software in the open source platform. Rules have changed, the user may not be interested again with the operating system and hardware for the computing and networking, but how they get the convenience, reliability, security and access to business services, and diman anytime.

Netbook
The form of a small akan more dominate, such as the netbook. With benefits, netbook is able to perform processing and storage power more sparingly, various connectivity and Internet access more quickly. Added that the cooperation with the company to realize the mobile operator 3G facilities. Netbook or mini-notebook called the performance and immediately replace the traditional notebook market.

Windows 7
Windows 7, software with a variety of improvised system to replace the Microsoft Windows Vista, including UAC (User Account Control) and a powerful interface that does not make the user disappointed. Significant features in Windows 7 is virtualization, a technology that will allow a computer to run multiple operating systems or applications that are different.

Online application
In 2009, many will attend the online application, including Google Docs, ThinkFree Office, and Zoho, which offers the applications Word, spreadsheet and presentation program online and free. Even Microsoft Office will also make online in a format, such as Office 14.

USB 3.0
USB 3.0 will be a high level of technology for consumers, with data transfer speeds maksimun 10 times faster than USB 2.0. Users can mentrasfer 27GB of data to an external device within 70 seconds, when the same amount of data in 15 minutes on a USB 2.0 connection. In USB 3.0, the data will be read and written simultaneously.

Wi-Fi and RFID chip
Protocol Wi-Fi 802.11n technology will provide mobile services with a high bandwidth, as well as RFID in the mobile phone. With RFID chip (Radio-Frequency Identification), which has been prepared by manufacturing mobile phones in their product, the user can change the way they would when buying goods or services, without using a credit card.